Description
Complete entire proposal including sections: Theoretical Framework; Practice Recommendations
; Project Description
; Project Evaluation Results
; Discussion and Implications for Nursing and Healthcare
; Plans for Dissemination
; Summary and Conclusion
. Please follow in detail what is in yellow and red under each one of them. Also leaving the subtitles in bold for each one of those sections.
Running head: PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
Which are the risk factors that contribute to increasing the
incidence of diabetes Mellitus among the Hispanic community
versus the Anglo-American community in the United States?
“[Insert Name of Author here]”
name of school
NR502: Proposal
“[Insert start month of session]” Session, “[Insert year here]”
Facilitator:
NOTE: This is a template and guide. Delete all highlighted materials.
This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Master of Nursing Practice degree.
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PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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Which are the risk factors that contribute to increasing the incidence of diabetes Mellitus among
the Hispanic community versus the Anglo-American community in the United States?
Note that there is no heading that says Introduction. The paragraph or two that follows
the title on the first page of your text is assumed to be your introduction. Your introduction
follows the title of your paper (note that the title is not bolded). You should start your
introduction with a powerful statement or two to stimulate interest. You should identify the
purpose of your paper. Remember that formal papers are in third person, so no I, me, we except
in specified areas. The introduction should include the purpose of the project and the
Methods.
Diabetes remains one of the most common challenges affecting many people in the
United States. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the country varies across ethnic
groups. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of the various ethnic groups’
condition is essential for promoting better health outcomes in the process. The proposed
research’s primary purpose is to gather evidence on the prevalence of the condition in
Hispanic and Anglo-Americans based on the identification of the associated risk factors.
Significance of the Practice Problem
Start this section with the identification of the practice problem. This section should also
answer the question “why is this important?” You should address the significance to the
patient/client (e.g., pain, suffering, quality of life, impact on income potential, etc.), the family,
healthcare system (e.g., impact on cost or delivery systems), and society (e.g., cost of care, need
for healthcare policy). Discuss the incidence and/or prevalence and include the financial impact
if possible. You might discuss the impact on length of stay, readmission, home health care
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
3
requirements, disability and/or mortality. Also, you should address any quality, safety, legal, and
ethical implications. This discussion must be substantiated by citations from professional
literature.
Diabetes mellitus continues to affect millions of people across the globe. In the
United States, the condition’s prevalence is attributed to various risk factors that differ
across the various ethnic groups. In the Hispanic community, the prevalence of the
condition is 12.1% compared to 1.6% for the entire non-Hispanic population.
Research Question
Which are the risk factors that contribute to increasing the incidence of diabetes Mellitus among
the Hispanic community versus the Anglo-American community in the United States?
Objectives
1.
To determine the incidence of diabetes Mellitus among the Hispanic population.
2.
To investigate the risk factors, present in the Hispanic population compared with the
Anglo-American population that promotes a more significant incidence of diabetes Mellitus in
this population.
3.
To demonstrate the disparities among the Hispanic community that contribute to a higher
number of Diabetes Mellitus cases versus the Anglo-American community in the United States.
Theoretical Framework
This section should include the theoretical framework that supports your MSN Project.
Describe the theory or model that served as the foundation for your project. This may be a
nursing theory or a theory from another discipline if pertinent and applicable.
Synthesis of the Literature
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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This section looks at the past literature offered by authors and experts on the prevalence
of Diabetes in Hispanics and non-Hispanics in the United States.
Avilés-Santa et al. (2017) presented research aimed at documenting the potential
knowledge that the Hispanics and non-Hispanic groups in the country exhibited on diabetes
mellitus. This study was focused on the desire to gather insight into the level of knowledge and
awareness that the Hispanics may have on diabetes mellitus. This insight would inform the
decisions made within the clinical fields because it would show the risk factors associated with
the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. This study showed that limited awareness exists in Hispanic
communities in the country, which is linked with the increased prevalence. Lack of sufficient
insight affects the abilities of the populations to maintain the desired health practices.
On the same note, Aguayoâ€ÂMazzucato et al. (2019) carried out a study aimed at gathering
insight into the reasons for the growing incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Hispanic
communities in the United States. The study appreciates the idea that the rate of diabetes type 2
in the country is higher in Hispanics than the other communities. The reason for this rate and
difference in prevalence in the condition has been attributed to diverse factors ranging from lack
of sufficient awareness and the lifestyle trends adopted by this community. The condition is
accelerated by other factors that range from the level of education to access to vital resources like
healthcare.
Smithâ€ÂMiller, Berry & Miller (2017) carried out a study focused on the determination of
the management of diabetes type 2 in Hispanic populations in the country. This study aimed to
determine the practices used by Hispanic populations in the management and probably the
prevention of the occurrence of diabetes type 2. Though the study, the authors first appreciate the
idea that Hispanics in the country continue to report increasing trends in the prevalence,
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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incidence and mortality of diabetes type 2. The condition has been linked with lack of sufficient
insight in the management and prevention practices. The lack of the right resources like care and
education to create awareness has affected the underlying population’s lifestyle, increasing
diabetes type 2.
Amirehsani, Hu, Wallace, Silva & Dick (2019) on the other created a platform for
exploring the management of the condition in Hispanics compared to other populations in the
country. The study found out that the management of the Hispanic population’s condition is low
compared to the other communities. The lack of sufficient resources like clinical interventions
and poverty are some of the factors associated with the prevalence of Hispanics’ condition. On
the same note, the study appreciates that Hispanics in the country continue to face diverse
challenges arising from diabetes type 2.
The study by Cheng et al. (2019) focused on collecting evidence about the prevalence of
diabetes in the country. The study was based on the collection of information on the prevalence
of the condition among the various ethnic groups within the country. Through the study, one of
the findings is that Hispanics stand out as one of the communities with the highest prevalence
compared to the non-Hispanics in the country. The findings in this report align with the
conclusions made by the previous authors like Amirehsani, Hu, Wallace, Silva & Dick (2019)
that claim that diabetes mellitus prevalence has been on the rise in Hispanic Americans in the
country as compared to the rest. This study has gathered evidence from diverse sources hence not
primary research. Regardless, the study offers an insight into the Hispanics’ accurate
representation in the prevalence of diabetes.
Understanding the historical presentation of various conditions in the country is essential
for planners and healthcare stakeholders. The study by Fang (2018) offered a framework for
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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understanding the projections of the potential events that will likely occur with the prevalence of
diabetes type 2 in the communities. The study ranks each community according to the prevalence
of the condition since 1999. The data can be used to project the potential future incidents and
prevalence of the condition amongst the various communities. According to the study, the
prevalence of diabetes type 2 is high in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics. This trend will
likely increase in the future based on the current risk and contributing factors.
Gujral et al. (2018) carried out a study to collect evidence about the prevalence of
diabetes mellitus in the country compared across the various groups like underweight and
normal-weight individuals within various ethnic communities. This study found that overweight
people in various communities reported a higher risk of diabetes type 2 as compared to others.
This prevalence was higher in the other communities as compared to the whites in the country.
The study offers a foundation for understanding the risk factors associated with the prevalence of
diabetes. This insight is essential for planning and implementing the ideal strategies to overcome
the challenges presented by diabetes mellitus.
The study by Towne et al. (2017) focused on evaluating the factors liked with the
continued prevalence of Diabetes mellitus and the role of disparities in American populations
like Hispanics and Blacks. This study found that various factors determined the prevalence of
diabetes in the Hispanics and other communities. For example, the report claims that the
prevalence of Hispanics and other groups in the country is associated with behavioral factors.
These factors may range from the diet taken and the general lifestyle led by each community.
However, health disparities have been associated with the prevalence of the country’s condition
depending on the underlying communities.
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Wan, Pumerantz, Dong, Ochoa & Chen (2019) carried out a study aimed at collecting
evidence about the effects of diabetes type 2 on patients’ health outcomes in the Hispanic
communities. This study aimed to determine the role and effects of diabetes on the general health
outcomes of the diagnosed populations in the Hispanic community. According to the authors, the
study outcomes show that people diagnosed with diabetes have a higher risk of contracting other
chronic illnesses and conditions. According to the authors, the people diagnosed with diabetes
type 2 in the Hispanic populations reported poor health outcomes when assessed under the
prevalence of diastolic dysfunctions. The study concludes that people diagnosed with Diabetes
type 2 may have a higher chance of contracting other chronic illnesses.
The study by Mercader & Florez (2017) has focused on the analysis of the potential
influence that medical conditions and the general make up the human body may have on the
prevalence of diabetes., while the previous authors have focused on the determination of the
prevalence of the condition based on the prevailing lifestyles, this study is concerned with
examining the potential role of genetic makeup if a human body in the process. This study has
proposed that understanding the genetic makeup of a human being can help in improving the
overall insight into the potential occurrence and prevalence of diabetes type 2. This study claims
that understanding the prevalence of diabetes from a genetic dimension will promote the abilities
to achieve the desired goals in reducing new cases while handling the existing incidents. On the
same note, the study supplements the use of a holistic approach in handling the incidents of
diabetes type 2 in the Hispanic populations.
McCurley, Crawford & Gallo (2017) carried out a study focused on collecting evidence
about the potential influence of risk factors and various behavior on the occurrence and
prevalence of diabetes type 2 amongst the young people from Hispanic populations. This study is
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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based on the analysis of the potential role that risky lifestyles such as poor health awareness may
play on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Hispanic youths. The study found that the prevalence
of diabetes type 2 in Hispanic youths resulted from the adoption of poor eating and lifestyle
habits. These habits are prevalent in both youths and adults in the country.
The study provided by Totomoch-Serra et al. (2018) offers a different approach in
determining the prevalence of diabetes type 2 in Hispanic and Mexican populations using the
genetic framework. This study claims that the prevalence of diabetes type 2 in this population as
opposed to the others may result from polymorphism of the VEGFA and SIRT1 genes. This
study offers a different approach for addressing the challenges associated with understanding the
occurrence and prevalence of diabetes type 2 in the population. In this study, the primary
proposition is that the prevalence of diabetes type 2 in the population may result from the genetic
changes in certain people along the ethnic lines.
Bellou, Belbasis, Tzoulaki & Evangelou (2018) carried out a study that was meant to
gather information about the risk factors linked with diabetes type 2. This global study focused
on determining some of the most common risk factors and causatives for the prevalence of
diabetes type 2. Lifestyle changes and a lack of sufficient information about the best practices to
observe have been linked to the condition’s prevalence. On the same note, it is worth noting that
the prevalence of diabetes type 2 in the various populations has been associated with the existing
health disparities. These disparities have created a gap in the prevalence of the condition in the
community. The information offered can be used in decision-making processes when
determining the best interventions to use when dealing with diabetes type 2.
Dendup, Feng, Clingan & Astell-Burt (2018) claim that the prevalence of diabetes type 2
in the community is dependent on the existing environmental factors. The prevailing
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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environmental conditions within a given community have been associated with either a positive
or negative influence on the populations’ lifestyles. Populations living in greener and areas that
have adopted better living standards are at a high chance of reporting higher health outcomes as
opposed to those residing in non-green areas. On the same note, reduced pollution, the vastness
of walkable areas, and green pastures have been associated with an improvement in the
underlying populations’ physical and lifestyle. Areas with high pollution discourage people from
engaging in physical activities which is one of the factors linked with the occurrence of diabetes
type 2.
Rubin, Glintborg, Nybo, Abrahamsen & Andersen (2017) offered a framework for
evaluating the role played by various attributes in the development and the risk factors of
diabetes type 2 in the national level. Using a national level offers an accurate snapshot of the
development and risk factors associated with Diabetes type 2 in the various communities. The
study found out that the conditions’ development and risk factors were influences by the
lifestyles adopted, access to care services, and awareness about health in the various
communities. The study outcomes can be used to influence better outcomes in planning and
responding against diabetes type 2 in Hispanic.
Practice Recommendations
So. . . using available evidence, what is the answer to your question? This section is for
you to summarize the strength of the body of evidence (quality, quantity, and consistency), make
a summary statement, and based on your conclusions drawn from the review, give a
recommendation for practice change based on scientific evidence. This would logically be the
intervention of your PICOT question. You might want to design an algorithm and include it in as
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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a figure. Perhaps you found substantiation for usual practice, and you recommend reinforcement
and education regarding this best practice.
Project Description
Describe the form that the literature review will carry out, how many articles (15
articles now and total 30 at the end, and how many years old (less than 5 years old). Add the
websites that you will research for the search of articles, keywords that you will use for your
search.
Here you should include the impact that your research will have. It must also include
that it will be kept for 5 years in a locked office of the home of the principal investigator and
that after that time has elapsed, it will be destroyed.
This section may be in first person.
Project Evaluation Results
This section must include how you will evaluate the planned change project. Remember
that you must have evaluated the outcome(s) identified in your PICOT question
Here you should mention the tables A and B that you will use for the evaluation of the
results of your literature review. Describe each of the tables (A & B) that are at the end of the
template. Tables and Figures should follow the References
This section may be in first person.
Discussion and Implications for Nursing and Healthcare
Discuss the conclusions you can make from the project evaluation results: review and
answer your PICOT question. Examine, interpret, and qualify the results. Discuss internal
validity and limitations of the project evaluation. Take into account sources of potential bias and
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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other threats to internal validity, the imprecision of measures, and other limitations and
weaknesses of the evaluation (adapted from APA, 2010, p. 35).
Describe the implications of your project and the project evaluation on nursing practice
and healthcare. Do not overstate the significance. Identify the impact on the appropriate
microsystem. Include any recommendations you have as a result of this project and project
evaluation. Also, include what you might recommend with replication of this project and project
evaluation and your potential next steps for this practice problem.
Plans for Dissemination
This section should include your plan for sharing the results of your project within the
institution and within the professional community. Discuss who you invited to the presentation of
results at the institution and how you presented the information. Describe the response of
stakeholders to your presentation and about the potential for sustainability. Also, discuss your
plans for presentation at regional or national meetings and/or publication. If publication is
planned, discuss what journal you will submit your manuscript to and why. The dissemination
must be among the classmates with a PowerPoint presentation; a poster with a brief summary
of project plan, evaluation, and results to be exposed in the hall at Ana G Mendez, SFC; and a
hard copy to be left at the library to be reviewed for those students of facilitators interested in
the topic.
This section may be in first person.
Summary and Conclusion
The conclusion should start with a statement regarding the intent of the paper and your
achievement toward that intention. Remember that the introduction is a preview, and this section
should contain a summary.
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When completed your summary and conclusion, do not include a categorical
conclusion, which means, that you should not mention the results of your literature review,
otherwise, this would give the impression that your project has ended. It must include the
importance of what has been reviewed so far, and the need to finalize the literature review in
order to have a more conclusive result.
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References
Aguayoâ€ÂMazzucato, C., Diaque, P., Hernandez, S., Rosas, S., Kostic, A., & Caballero, A. E.
(2019). Understanding the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic
population living in the United States. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 35(2),
e3097.
Amirehsani, K. A., Hu, J., Wallace, D. C., Silva, Z. A., & Dick, S. (2019). Hispanic families’
action plans for a healthier lifestyle for diabetes management. The Diabetes Educator,
45(1), 87-95.
Avilés-Santa, M. L., Colón-Ramos, U., Lindberg, N. M., Mattei, J., Pasquel, F. J., & Pérez, C.
M. (2017). From sea to shining sea and the great plains to Patagonia: A review on current
knowledge of Diabetes mellitus in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America.
Frontiers in endocrinology, 8, 298.
Bellou, V., Belbasis, L., Tzoulaki, I., & Evangelou, E. (2018). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
mellitus: an exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. PloS one, 13(3),
e0194127.
Cheng, Y. J., Kanaya, A. M., Araneta, M. R. G., Saydah, S. H., Kahn, H. S., Gregg, E. W., … &
Imperatore, G. (2019). Prevalence of Diabetes by race and ethnicity in the United States,
2011-2016. Jama, 322(24), 2389-2398.
Fang, M. (2018). Trends in the prevalence of Diabetes among US adults: 1999–2016. American
journal of preventive medicine, 55(4), 497-505.
Gujral, U. P., Mohan, V., Pradeepa, R., Deepa, M., Anjana, R. M., & Narayan, K. M. (2018).
Ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes in underweight and normal weight
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
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individuals: The CARRS and NHANES studies. Diabetes research and clinical practice,
146, 34-40.
McCurley, J. L., Crawford, M. A., & Gallo, L. C. (2017). Prevention of type 2 diabetes in US
hispanic youth: a systematic review of lifestyle interventions. American journal of
preventive medicine, 53(4), 519-532.
Mercader, J. M., & Florez, J. C. (2017). The genetic basis of type 2 diabetes in Hispanics and
Latin Americans: challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in public health, 5, 329.
Rubin, K. H., Glintborg, D., Nybo, M., Abrahamsen, B., & Andersen, M. (2017). Development
and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in a nationwide population of women with polycystic
ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 102(10), 38483857.
Smithâ€ÂMiller, C. A., Berry, D. C., & Miller, C. T. (2017). Diabetes affects everything: Type 2
diabetes selfâ€Âmanagement among Spanishâ€Âspeaking hispanic immigrants. Research in
nursing & health, 40(6), 541-554.
Totomoch-Serra, A., de Lourdes Muñoz, M., Burgueño, J., Revilla-Monsalve, M. C., & DiazBadillo, A. (2018). Association of common polymorphisms in the VEGFA and SIRT1
genes with type 2 diabetes-related traits in Mexicans. Archives of medical science: AMS,
14(6), 1361.
Towne, S. D., Bolin, J., Ferdinand, A., Nicklett, E. J., Smith, M. L., & Ory, M. G. (2017).
Assessing diabetes and factors associated with foregoing medical care among persons
with Diabetes: Disparities facing American Indian/Alaska native, black, Hispanic, low
income, and southern adults in the US (2011–2015). International journal of
environmental research and public health, 14(5), 464.
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Wan, S. H., Pumerantz, A. S., Dong, F., Ochoa, C., & Chen, H. H. (2019). Comparing the
influence of 2009 versus 2016 ASE/EACVI diastolic function guidelines on the
prevalence and echocardiographic characteristics of preclinical diastolic dysfunction
(stage B heart failure) in a Hispanic population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of
Diabetes and its Complications, 33(8), 579-584.
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC
Figure 1
Figures included here are most likely going to be figures illustrating your data analysis.
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Appendix A
NOTE: Order these appendices in the order in which they were referred to in the paper.
Summary of Primary Research Evidence (this table may be single space)
Citation
Question or
Hypothesis
Theoretical
Foundation
Research Design
(include tools) and
Sample Size
Legend:
Level I: systematic reviews or meta-analysis
Level II: well-designed Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Level III: well-designed controlled trials without randomization, quasi-experimental
Level IV: well-designed case-control and cohort studies
Level V: systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
Level VI: single descriptive or qualitative study
Level VII: opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
Key Findings
Recommendations/
Implications
Level of
Evidence
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Appendix B
Summary of Systematic Reviews (SR) (this table may be single space)
Citation
Question
Search Strategy
Inclusion/
Data Extraction
Exclusion Criteria and Analysis
Legend:
Level I: systematic reviews or meta-analysis
Level II: well-designed Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Level III: well-designed controlled trials without randomization, quasi-experimental
Level IV: well-designed case-control and cohort studies
Level V: systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
Level VI: single descriptive or qualitative study
Level VII: opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
Key Findings
Recommendation/ Level of
Implications
Evidence
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