Description
I have the graphs already just need the write ups.
1. Write an Introduction Section (1 or 2 paragraphs) State the purpose of the Effect of
Temperature on Lactase Activity experiment.
Write a hypothesis for the experiment. Identify the independent variable and dependent
variable for the experiment.
3. Background Research: Research your experiment.
Write 2-3 paragraphs which give an overview of enzymes.
Write a paragraph explaining lactase.
Write a paragraph which states the expected results.
4. Graph your data.
Remember the x-axis should show the independent variable (in this example,
temperature) and the y-axis should show glucose produced.
You should produce four (4) graphs: 1) a graph showing how you determined the
inflection point of temperature compared to glucose produced with lines for 4 minutes, 7
minutes, and 11 minutes; 2) a graph showing the optimum temperature for glucose
produced in 4 minutes; 3) a graph showing the optimum temperature for glucose
produced in 7 minutes and; 4) a graph showing the optimum temperature for glucose
produced in 11 minutes.
You need to include a title for each graph. Use the following format: Figure Number:
Title. Your title for each graph should be a sentence letting the reader know what the
graph will tell them. (For example: Figure 2: Glucose production by lactase in 4
minutes between 5-20
0
C , pH 7.0, initial lactose concentration 500 mg/dL )
5. Analyze the temperature effect on lactase activity data. (at least 3 paragraphs) This as an
opportunity to tie together any relevant information you brought into the Introduction section and
the results (data).
Some of the information you report in the introduction should prove useful as you try to explain
your results. Refer back to the graph (For example: See Figure 7) when you point out important
ranges or specific temperatures of importance
6. If your actual experimental results did not match your expected results, write a paragraph
suggesting one reason your actual results might have been different from the expected
results.
Enzyme Lab Write Up: You will submit this write up and graphs before 11:59 PM Sunday
(Week 2). You will be provided with comments and peer feedback. For next week you may
make changes based on these comments and feedback (or inspirations which come to you outside
of this exercise) and submit a lab report prior to 11:59 PM next Sunday (Week 3). Lab for the
Week 3 will consist of providing comments and feedback to your peers and reworking your lab
report. We will not be doing the osmosis lab that week.
1. Produce a Lab Summary of the Effect of Temperature on Lactase Activity. I am
providing you an outline, but your report should be in nonnumeric, paragraph form.
Your writeup should be in a formal style. Your writeup should be clearly and formally
written. Your writeup should have clearly identified sections (include headers for each
section).
2. Write an Introduction Section (1 or 2 paragraphs) State the purpose of the Effect of
Temperature on Lactase Activity experiment.
Write a hypothesis for the experiment. Identify the independent variable and dependent
variable for the experiment.
3. Background Research: Research your experiment.
Write 2-3 paragraphs which give an overview of enzymes.
Write a paragraph explaining lactase.
Write a paragraph which states the expected results.
4. Graph your data.
Remember the x-axis should show the independent variable (in this example,
temperature) and the y-axis should show glucose produced.
You should produce four (4) graphs: 1) a graph showing how you determined the
inflection point of temperature compared to glucose produced with lines for 4 minutes, 7
minutes, and 11 minutes; 2) a graph showing the optimum temperature for glucose
produced in 4 minutes; 3) a graph showing the optimum temperature for glucose
produced in 7 minutes and; 4) a graph showing the optimum temperature for glucose
produced in 11 minutes.
You need to include a title for each graph. Use the following format: Figure Number:
Title. Your title for each graph should be a sentence letting the reader know what the
graph will tell them. (For example: Figure 2: Glucose production by lactase in 4
minutes between 5-20 0C , pH 7.0, initial lactose concentration 500 mg/dL )
5. Analyze the temperature effect on lactase activity data. (at least 3 paragraphs) This as an
opportunity to tie together any relevant information you brought into the Introduction section and
the results (data).
Some of the information you report in the introduction should prove useful as you try to explain
your results. Refer back to the graph (For example: See Figure 7) when you point out important
ranges or specific temperatures of importance
6. If your actual experimental results did not match your expected results, write a paragraph
suggesting one reason your actual results might have been different from the expected
results.
In this activity, you will study the effect of pH, temperature and lactose concentration on lactase activity.
By the end of this activity, you should be able to:
design experiments to study the effects of pH, temperature, and substrate concentration on
enzyme activity.
graph data related to enzyme activity.
analyze data related to enzyme activity.
identify the components of the scientific method.
identify components of the substrate-enzyme-product system being studied.
summarize and communicate your lab data.
To prepare for the lab, watch the following video and think about enzymes, substrates, products,
maximum rate of reaction, and optimal conditions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2j2KGwJXJc
To complete the lab activity, watch the Zoom link for lab posted on Canvas and go to the following
website (https://sites.google.com/site/biologydarkow/lactase-enzyme-simulation
Read through the Home, Background and Explore the Model tabs on the website.
Experiment I: The effect of pH on lactase activity. Click on the Simulate tab. The standard condition
settings are: lactose for 500 mg/dL , pH at 7.0 and temperature at 250C and 5mmol lactase enzyme
solution. You will vary one of these conditions you wish to study in each experiment. The condition you
are varying is the independent variable for that experiment. The outcome you measure for that
experiment is the dependent variable. The hypothesis of the experiment is a tentative proposed
relationship of the independent and dependent variable of the experiment. In this experiment, you are
studying pH.
I.
Determining the inflection point and interval of interest. Before you can begin your
experiment, you must determine the interval of pH which will give you the most valuable,
relevant data. Start by running a simulation with the standard initial lactose, temperature
and lactase enzyme solution. Run simulations at a pH of 3. Record the glucose
concentration (mg/dL) at 4, 7 and 11 minutes. Repeat the simulations at a pH of 5, 7, 9, and
11. Record the glucose concentration (mg/dL) at 4, 7 and 11 minutes.
pH
3
5
7
9
11
4 minutes
7 minutes
11 minutes
Produce a graph using the above data with all three time lines (4, 7, and 11 minutes) for the data you
used to find the inflection point on the same graph (See the Zoom recording for this lab). Watch the
following videos for some suggestions.
II.
Use the inflection you determined above to give you the pH interval which will give you the
most valuable, relevant data for determining the optimum pH. Divide this interval into ten
(10) equally spaced intervals (for example if you determine the interval between pH 7 and
11 is where the peak enzyme rate is occurring, you would collect data at 7.4, 7.8, 8.2, 8.6 ….
10.2, 10.6 and 11). Develop a data collection table to record the results of these simulations
at 4 minutes, 7 minutes and 11 minutes for each pH level. Run the simulation and record
the data. Produce line graphs using your data.
pH
4 minutes
7 minutes
11 minutes
Produce three individual graphs using the data you collected within the interval of interest: 1) pH :
glucose concentration 4 minutes; 2) pH : glucose concentration 7 minutes and; 3) pH : glucose
concentration 11 minutes. Look at the graphs and determine the optimum pH (where maximum lactase
enzyme activity is likely located).
Experiment II: The effect of temperature on lactase activity. Use the Experiment I to design an
experiment to test the effect of temperature on lactase activity. What is the independent variable of
the temperature experiment? What is the dependent variable of the temperature experiment? Which
variables will you standardize in the temperature experiment?
I. Describe the experiment you designed to determine the inflection point and interval of interest for
temperature.
II. Describe the experiment you designed to determine the optimum temperature. Use the tables to
record and four graphs to report your data. What is the optimum temperature for lactose?
I.
Determine the inflection point and interval of interest for temperature.
Temperature (C)
4 minutes
7 minutes
11 minutes
After you complete the table, use the data to produce a graph with all three times (4, 7, and 11 minutes)
on the same graph. What is the interval of interest and inflection point based on your results? The
interval of interest is the range of temperatures which will give you the most valuable, relevant data for
determining the optimum temperature in the second part of the experiment.
II.
Use the inflection and temperature interval of interest to design the second part of the
experiment. Divide this interval into ten (10) equally spaced intervals. Use the table below
to record the results of these simulations at 4 minutes, 7 minutes and 11 minutes for each
temperature. Run the simulation and record the data.
Temperature (C)
4 minutes
7 minutes
11 minutes
Use the data from the table to produce three individual graphs: 1) temperature : glucose concentration
at 4 minutes. 2) temperature : glucose concentration at 7 minutes, and 3) temperature : glucose
concentration at 11 minutes. Look at the graphs and determine the optimum temperature (where
maximum lactase enzyme activity is likely located).
Experiment III: The effect of lactose concentration on lactase activity. For this experiment, use the
first two experiments as models for studying the effect of lactose concentration on lactase activity.
Note that you will need to develop your own data collection tables to record data and graphs to report
your results. Design an experiment to test the effect of lactose concentration on lactase activity. What
is the independent variable of this experiment? What is the dependent variable of this experiment?
Which variables will you standardize? Describe your experiments. What is the optimum lactose
concentration for maximum lactase activity?
Experiment IV: Studying specificity using lactase activity. Are you able to design an experiment to
study specificity in lactase using the Lactase Enzyme Simulation? Yes or No Explain specificity and the
experiment you would design to study this concept in lactase using the simulation or how you would
need to modify the simulation to test this concept. You don’t need to do this experiment, just explain its
design.
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